石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)熟(shu)(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)分是(shi)CaO，一般(ban)呈塊狀(zhuang)，純的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)為白色(se)，含有(you)雜(za)質(zhi)時為淡灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)色(se)或淡黃色(se)。生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)吸潮或加(jia)(jia)水就成(cheng)(cheng)為消(xiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，消(xiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)也(ye)叫熟(shu)(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)分是(shi)Ca(OH)2。熟(shu)(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)經調配成(cheng)(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)漿(jiang)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)膏、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)砂漿(jiang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)涂裝材料(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)磚(zhuan)瓦粘合(he)劑(ji)(ji)。水泥(ni)是(shi)由石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)粘土(tu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)混合(he)，經高(gao)溫煅燒制(zhi)(zhi)得。玻(bo)璃由石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)砂、純堿(碳酸(suan)鈉)等(deng)(deng)(deng)混合(he)，經高(gao)溫熔融制(zhi)(zhi)得。煉鐵用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)熔劑(ji)(ji)，除(chu)(chu)去脈石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。煉鋼用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)做造渣(zha)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)，除(chu)(chu)去硫、磷等(deng)(deng)(deng)有(you)害雜(za)質(zhi)。電石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(主(zhu)要(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)分是(shi)CaC2)是(shi)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)與(yu)焦碳在(zai)電爐里反(fan)應(ying)制(zhi)(zhi)得。純堿是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、食鹽、氨(an)等(deng)(deng)(deng)原料(liao)(liao)(liao)經過(guo)多步(bu)反(fan)應(ying)制(zhi)(zhi)得(索爾維法(fa))。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)消(xiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)純堿反(fan)應(ying)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)燒堿(苛化法(fa))。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)純凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)氯氣反(fan)應(ying)制(zhi)(zhi)得漂白的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化學加(jia)(jia)工(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)氯化鈣(gai)、硝酸(suan)鈣(gai)、亞硫酸(suan)鈣(gai)等(deng)(deng)(deng)重要(yao)鈣(gai)鹽。消(xiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)能(neng)除(chu)(chu)去水的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暫時硬性，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)硬水軟化劑(ji)(ji)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燒加(jia)(jia)工(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)較(jiao)純的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粉狀(zhuang)碳酸(suan)鈣(gai)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)做橡膠(jiao)、塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)、紙張、牙膏、化妝(zhuang)品等(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)填充料(liao)(liao)(liao)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)與(yu)燒堿制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堿石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)二氧化碳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收劑(ji)(ji)。生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)干(gan)燥劑(ji)(ji)和(he)消(xiao)毒劑(ji)(ji)。農(nong)業上，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)配制(zhi)(zhi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)硫黃合(he)劑(ji)(ji)、波爾多液(ye)等(deng)(deng)(deng)農(nong)藥。土(tu)壤中(zhong)施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)熟(shu)(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)可中(zhong)和(he)土(tu)壤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酸(suan)性、改善土(tu)壤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構、供給(gei)植物(wu)所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鈣(gai)素。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)漿(jiang)刷(shua)樹干(gan)，可保護樹木(mu)。